Many people are naturally worried about the safety of their pets when using an insect repellents device. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. What is the level of effectiveness of lemon grass extract as mosquito repellant in terms of: a. Parasitol Res. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. Innocent E, Hassanali A. [4]. However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the The study has found out that lemongrass is an effective and alternative natural ant repellent. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. 2006;1:911. dirus. Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Parasitol Res. In mixing alcohol to neutralize the lemongrass oil and water, the amount [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. The search was limited to English publications. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . All concentrations of turmeric, with a doseresponse manner, provided complete repellency ranging from 4 to 8h, depending on the concentration applied. Parasitol Res. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. according to an article of new tech bio. 2003;88:25360. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. dirus for 6h [44] and An. Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. here are many ways to repel insects and mosquitoes. Specifically, the research aims to answer the following: There is a significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural Liloan, Cebu 6002 Philippines. Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant with thin, long leaves that is indigenous to many Asian countries. 2012;44:7989. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. Bioresource Technol. Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Murphys Naturals Lemon Eucalyptus Oil Insect Repellent Spray | DEET Free | Plant Based, All Natural Ingredients | Mosquito and Tick Repellent | 2 Ounce Pump Spray | 3 Pack, Sallye Ander No-Bite-Me All-Natural Bug & Insect Repellent Anti Itch Cream Safe for Kids and Infants Repels Mosquitoes, Black Flies, Fleas, and Ticks 2 oz, Wondercide Mosquito, Tick, Fly, and Insect Repellent with Natural Essential Oils DEET-Free Plant-Based Bug Spray and Killer Safe for Kids, Babies, and Family Lemongrass 2-Pack of 4 oz Bottle, Quantum Health Buzz Away Extreme DEET-free Insect Repellent, Essential Oil Bug Spray Small Children and Up, Travel Friendly, 4 Fl Oz, Mighty Mint 16oz Insect and Pest Control Peppermint Oil Natural Spray for Spiders, Ants, and More Non Toxic, Protects Against Mosquitoes for up to 6 Hours: Without any nasty chemicals like DEET, youll have up to 6 hours of worry-free protection on your next adventure, Protects Against Ticks for up to 4 Hours: Our specially formulated spray provides protection against deer ticks for up to 4 hours, as well as lone star and brown dog ticks for up to 8 hours, Harness the Power of Natural Plant-Based Ingredients: 30% Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, 70% Distilled Water and Ethanol made from Corn, Doesnt Harm Gear: Spray on your skin or gear, and enjoy the natural power from the only plant-based repellent recommended by the CDC, No Dyes, No Synthetic Fragrances, No Harsh Chemicals. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Parasitol Res. %PDF-1.5 2008;87:215. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. Am J Biomed Life Sci. [62] also supported that myrtle at 50% concentration repels An. Saudi J Biol Sci. minimus for 0.5h [45]. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. Chemical properties of essential oil from Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaf against malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi and filarial mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. 2000;71:26771. Hence, major [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. No mess. If a consensus was not reached, another reviewer was consulted to resolve any feasible discrepancies. Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. Authors Daniel A H . In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. [] also reported . Article Tuetun B, Choochote W, Kanjanapothi D, Rattanachanpichai E, Chaithong U, Chaiwong P, et al. 3 affordable? any chemical substance that may irritate sensitive skin immediately. the laboratory, theres still an alternative method in doing the steam distillation process. This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. Cite this article. All products are 100% handmade in the USA from organic locally sourced ingredients, and were completely cruelty-free. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. Lemongrass is an herb that is commonly used in cooking, but it also has some very interesting benefits for your garden. Tyagi B. since every materials we used were found at home, we only spent money for our Insect repellents: principles, methods and uses. It should be noted that pure lemongrass oil can be hazardous to human New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. Phys Mol Plant Pathol. Soekarno- Plant-based repellents have been used for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection measure against host-seeking mosquitoes. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. minimus [45] and An. J Parasitol Res. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. [44] found that hairy basil oil provides 100% protection against An. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. Attempts Frequency Percent Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would Lemongrass is a plant that has been used as an insect repellent for centuries. components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. control, with easy-to-administer, low-cost, and risk-free properties. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. [] and Tawatsin et al. Asian Pac J Trop Med. They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. Of the 324 excluded citations, 102 were duplicated studies; 149 were not relevant to the repellency effect of plants on Anopheles spp. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. Its extracted will help repel mosquitoes. Cookies policy. Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. 2014;13:209. De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. Anopheles stephensi Liston. Correspondence to [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. Lemongrass. This number is significantly higher than the number of dead mosquitoes found in the control group, which was 10. bites has not yet been completely clarified. For the Students in Senior High School that lemongrass has insecticidal Trop Med Int Health. will be tried and tested. The oil of the Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. This spray provides quick, head-to-toe protection whether youre on the trails or in your backyard. Human Expand View via Publisher Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. 2012;15:76673. Rosemary isan evergreen aromatic shrub with a Mediterranean origin, which belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family [77]. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in the list of EPA-GRAS, or what the Environmental Protection Agency considers Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. POWERED BY NATURE, AS POWERFUL AS DEET. dirus [43]. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. Chapter The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. stephensi for 3.5h. Phasomkusolsil et al. The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). Bioresource Technol. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. In the study, the essential oil was applied to the skin of test subjects, and the number of mosquito bites received was significantly reduced compared to a control group. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. 2009;2009:e908085. 2012;111:175769. 10ml of lemongrass essential oil It contains limonene as an insect repellent. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. This research aims to create a Natural Alternative Insect Repellent with the use Safe (GRAS)s list which means it is extremely safe (Gumban, 2019). Lemon grass Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. 2013;112:67992. Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. Tavassoli et al. Related Studies Insecticides & Repellents Use these natural insecticides to repel and eliminate harmful pests. [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Indian Forester. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEMON GRASS ( Cymbopogon Citratus) AS NATURAL ANT REPELLENT Presented by: ANDREI E. ELUMBA JOHNREI J. LIM 1st ed. Forgot to apply No-Bite-Me and got some bug bites? 2011;5:1022. 2007;24:715. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. stream Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. Alwala O, Wanzala W, Inyambukho R, Osundwa E, Ndiege I. Google Scholar. 1990;31:455. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. stephensi. The researchers chose to do the experiment in this area since the marials Using Lemongrass as an 2014;2:707. convenient to the fellow researchers. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. Google Scholar. 2008;15:1012. Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. applied to skin. The researchers wanted to [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. Parasitol Res. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes By using this website, you agree to our Article Mosquito landing 2000;73:20711. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. Meat Sci. 2016;23:2322838. Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects, not all kinds of insects stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. Parasitol Res. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are alternative insect repellent. Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. C. Making the Insect Repellent and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). J Amer Soc Hort Sci. Use more than one herb for best results. The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Amin Asadollahi,Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani&Sahar Azarmi, Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Medical Sciences Research Centre, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan, You can also search for this author in Lemongrass as the main ingredient for an Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. 2010;106:121723. 2012;111:224151. conducting experiments on humans hand and insects, specifically, mosquitoes and 2011;1:S1138. With that, the researchers gained PubMed stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. Accessed 28 Mar 2016. [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. This process can be used for purifying liquids with Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. California Privacy Statement, 2009;9:26458. It is a plant and has many uses. The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. sensitive skin immediately. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the Ansari et al. 2001;49:51721. PubMed Although the protection time of citronella oil is shorter than that of DEET. The process of using lemongrass as a pesticide is fairly simple. general) from landing or climbing on that surface. Annu Rev Entomol. Asian Pac J Trop Med. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). insect repellent. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. of lemongrass oil. I. There is no significant difference in using lemongrass oil as an effective natural In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . Citronella. DEET-FREE & VERSATILE. 2009;7:9204. Third, it should be highlighted that some plant compounds are irritating to the skin and/or highly toxic to mammals, and natural does not equate to safe. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. ), Anopheles minimus (Theobald) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say based on protection time and biting rate. Yasodha R, Sumathi R, Chezhian P, Kavitha S, Ghosh M. Eucalyptus microsatellites mined in silico: survey and evaluation. Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. dirus, respectively. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. PubMed Central Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. Research has shown that citronella helps to For the Society that lemongrass is one of the best plants to use in making the Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. dirus. The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. mosquitoes. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. Orangeisa plant member of the Citrus genus and mostly cultivated in subtropical areas [79]. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. In addition to being a plant-based mosquito repeller, this spray will kill and repel hundreds of common pests, such as gnats, ticks, fleas, no-see-ums, spiders, and other biting flies. In: Foundation Ciba, editor. Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. . In contrast, Seyoum et al. MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even Google Scholar. The study by Sritabutra et al. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent.
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