"Salman Rushdie: The Accidental Intellectual in the Mediascape. [12] Upon its publication the book garnered considerable critical acclaim in the United Kingdom. [31], In February, when the US edition was published, a new round of reviews and criticism began. Following the broadcast of his film-poem, Harrison published a poem titled. [21], Despite a conciliatory statement by Iran in 1998, and Rushdie's declaration that he would stop living in hiding, the Iranian state news agency reported in 2006 that the fatwa would remain in place permanently since fatawa can only be rescinded by the person who first issued them, and Khomeini had since died. He saw, sitting on the bed, a man of about the same age as himself", balding, wearing glasses and "seeming to suffer from dandruff". "All this Western art-house crap.". Chamcha, having miraculously regained his human shape, wants to take revenge on Farishta for having forsaken him after their common fall from the hijacked plane. Al-Lt, al-'Uzz, and Mant were three pre-Islamic Arabian goddesses worshipped by the Meccans. His misfortunes continue as he loses his job. Uploaded by "[2], After the Satanic Verses controversy developed, some scholars familiar with the book and the whole of Rushdie's work, like M. D. Fletcher, saw the reaction as ironic. [1], The affair had a notable impact on geopolitics when, in 1989, Ruhollah Khomeini, Supreme Leader of Iran, issued a fatwa ordering Muslims to kill Rushdie. The government of Iran denied having foreknowledge of the stabbing, although Iranian state-controlled media celebrated it. I call on all valiant Muslims wherever they may be in the world to kill them without delay, so that no one will dare insult the sacred beliefs of Muslims henceforth. Yet knowing they cannot live a life of anonymity, they mediate between them both. It has been posted under the category of New Converts. British Labour MP Keith Vaz led a march through Leicester shortly after he was elected in 1989 calling for the book to be banned, while the Conservative politician Norman Tebbit, the party's former chairman, called Rushdie an "outstanding villain" whose "public life has been a record of despicable acts of betrayal of his upbringing, religion, adopted home and nationality". Lastly, Haykal argues that the story is inconsistent with Muhammad's personal life and is completely against the spirit of the Islamic message.[23]. The traditions actually state that all cognizant creatures took part in it, humans as well as jinns. The Times (London, England), 18 February 1989, accessed via Infotrac. The background behind the satanic verses is that, early on, the number of Muhammad's followers was growing slowly, and he was in conflict with Arabs. The first was that the incident contradicted the doctrine of isma', divine protection of Muhammad from mistakes. When the book was published in February 1989 in the United States, it received renewed attention, and worldwide protests began to take a more violent form. 3 (Mar. In this spectacular novel, verbal pyrotechnics barely outshine its psychological truths.Newsday, Rushdie is a storyteller of prodigious powers, able to conjure up whole geographies, causalities, climates, creatures, customs, out of thin air.The New York Times Book Review, Exhilarating, populous, loquacious, sometimes hilarious, extraordinary . Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. 53, a surah which is consistent with evidence external to the Islamic tradition regarding pre-Islamic deities and star worship. The kuffaar were pleased with this praise of their three idols, so they prostrated. This report is undoubtedly false on a number of counts. And whoever is killed in this cause will be a martyr, Allah willing. For the controversy surrounding the religious verses, see, "The Rushdie Affair" redirects here. Those who hurt God's messenger have incurred a painful retribution". The Believers trusted in their prophet with respect to what he brought them from their Lord: they did not suspect any slip, delusion or error. (2016). "Iran: West to Blame Islam for Forthcoming Terrorism", Bernard Lewis commenting on Rushdie fatwa in, Radio Tehran, 16 March 1989, quoted in Pipes, 1990, p. 135. People are showing solidarity to Salman Rushdie by purchasing 'The Satanic Verses'. But God, of His mercy, sent him a revelation, comforting him and diminishing the magnitude of what had happened. Mr. Saladin Chamcha, appalled by the noises emanating from Gibreel Farishta's mouth, fought back with verses of his own. "From the beginning men used God to justify the unjustifiable." - Salman Rushdie, The Satanic Verses. 1. A 24-year-old suspect from Fairview, New Jersey has . Every official started to condemn the book in one way or another. 17:73-74. [23], Other issues many Muslims have found offensive include Abraham being called a "bastard" for casting Hagar and Ishmael in the desert;[24] and a character named Salman the Persian who serves as one of the Prophet's scribes, an apparent reference to the story, controversial among Muslims, of a Meccan convert by the name of Abd Allah ibn Sa'd, who left Islam after the Prophet failed to notice small changes he had made in the dictation of the Qur'an. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. should be taken as a hostile question about literally seeing the three deities, particularly since the preceding half of the surah repeatedly claims that Allah's servant saw the heavenly being, and noting also other verses where a similar question is asked (Q. Pakistan banned the book in November 1988. According to Daniel Pipes, the Sharia "clearly establishes that disseminating false information is not the same as expressing it. 53:19-20. Gibreel and Saladin meet on a flight from Bombay (Mumbai) to London, and the plane is hijacked by Sikh terrorists. nor shall my pen sleep in my hand Cat Stevens' comments about Salman Rushdie, "Iran Drops Rushdie Death Threat, And Britain Renews Teheran Ties", "Ayatollah Khamenei's fatwa on Salman Rushdie's apostasy from Islam [sic]", "Imam Khomeini's verdict regarding Salman Rushdie is based on divine verses and just like divine verses, it is solid and irrevocable. Non-being. [50], The Islamic Jurisprudence Academy in Mecca urged that Rushdie be tried, and if found guilty, be given a chance to repent, (p.93) and Ayatollah Mehdi Rohani, head of the Shi'i community in Europe and a cousin of Khomeini, criticised Khomeini for 'respect[ing] neither international law nor that of Islam. 17 February 1989: Book store chains including B. Dalton. 296 pages. Two large bookstores in Charing Cross Road, London, (Collets and Dillons) were bombed on 9 April. When there had come from God the words which abrogated what Satan had cast on to the tongue of His prophet, Quraysh said, 'Muhammad has gone back on what he said about the status of our gods relative to God, changed it and brought something else', for the two phrases which Satan had cast on to the tongue of the Prophet had found a place in the mouth of every polytheist. A book whose importance is eclipsed only by its quality, The Satanic Verses is a key work of our times. [90], Late the next year, Rushdie declared, "I want to reclaim my life", and in December signed a declaration "affirming his Islamic faith and calling for Viking-Penguin, the publisher of The Satanic Verses, neither to issue the book in paperback nor to allow it to be translated". [citation needed] The twelve members of the European Economic Community removed their ambassadors from Tehran for three weeks. One of the most controversial episodes in the life of the Prophet Muhammad concerns an incident in which he allegedly mistook words suggested by Satan as divine revelation. On 24 September 1998, as a precondition to the restoration of diplomatic relations with Britain, the Iranian government, then headed by reformist Muhammad Khatami, gave a public commitment that it would "neither support nor hinder assassination operations on Rushdie". ', And God revealed: 'We never sent any apostle or prophet before you but that, when he longed, Satan cast into his longing. Here is page 307 : Exterm inador . However, in doing so he denounced the gods of Mecca as lesser spirits or mere names, cast off everything related to the traditional religion as the work of pagans and unbelievers, and consigned the Meccan's pious ancestors and relatives to Hell. Rushdie has the power of description, and we succumb.The Times (London), Barnes & Noble Indiebound Powells Random House. The novel weaves together different narratives spread across hundreds of years, framed by the story of two competing Indian Muslim actors. 'Transmitting blasphemy is not blasphemy' (naql al-kufr laysa kufr)." He does so by fostering Farishta's pathological jealousy and thus destroying his relationship with Allie. [12] Later, Rushdie would reflect upon the time that the book was about to be published. Known as the Satanic verses, these praises to the pagan deities contradict the Islamic belief that Allah is one and absolute. They are only names which you and your fathers have given them' as far as 'As many as are the angels in heaven, their intercession shall be of no avail unless after God has permitted it to whom He pleases and accepts' [Q.53:2126] meaning, how can the intercession of their gods be of any avail with Him? 1. Meanwhile, the Commission for Racial Equality and a liberal think tank, the Policy Studies Institute, held seminars on the Rushdie affair. 1998: Iranian government publicly declares that it will "neither support nor hinder assassination operations on Rushdie". 4 days ago. "[49], Other Islamic scholars outside Iran took issue with the fact that the sentence was not passed by an Islamic court,[43][50] or that it did not limit its "jurisdiction only [to] countries under Islamic law". Regarding this argument, Shahab Ahmed in the Encyclopaedia of the Qur'n counters that "the widespread acceptance of the incident by early Muslims suggests, however, that they did not view the incident as inauspicious and that they would presumably not have, on this basis at least, been adverse to inventing it. This was the final break with the Quraysh. The two men crawl onto the coast, and Saladin is arrested as an illegal immigrant. [23], In Britain, the Union of Islamic Students' Associations in Europe, which is the largest collective of Islamic Students in Europe,[citation needed] issued a statement offering to commit murder for Khomeini. [38]:1011 Patricia Crone makes a similar point but regarding the preceding verses, Q. God told him that there had never been a previous prophet or apostle who had longed just as Muhammad had longed, and desired just as Muhammad had desired, but that Satan had cast into his longing just as he had cast onto the tongue of Muhammad. A third dream sequence presents the figure of a fanatic expatriate religious leader, the "Imam", in a late-20th-century setting (satirizing Khomeini himself). The Satanic Verses also exhibits Rushdie's common practice of using allusions to invoke connotative links. Former United States president Jimmy Carter, while condemning the threats and fatwa against Rushdie, stated, "we have tended to promote him and his book with little acknowledgment that it is a direct insult to those millions of Moslems whose sacred beliefs have been violated and are suffering in restrained silence the added embarrassment of the Ayatollah's irresponsibility". 14 January 1989: A copy of the book is burned in Bradford. Some of the explanations for the unprecedented rage unleashed against the book were that: Despite the passionate intensity of Muslim feeling on the issue, no Western government banned The Satanic Verses. Hitchens considered the fatwa to be the opening shot in a cultural war on freedom. On 7 March 1989, the United Kingdom and Iran broke diplomatic relations over the Rushdie controversy.[38][39]. Inextricably linked with the fatwa called against its author in the wake of the novels publication, As-salmu alaykum wa-rahmatullhi wa-baraktuh. The controversy. 1. 2.The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was infallible with regard to the conveying of his Message. The principle of the independence of literature from political control is of fundamental importance for civilisation and must be defended against attacks by avengers and the adherents of censorship. The Satanic Verses, magic realist epic novel by Indian-born writer Salman Rushdie that upon its publication in 1988 became one of the most controversial books of the late 20th century. But they also hold damaging implications in regard to the revelation as a whole, for Muhammad's revelation appears to have been based on his desire to soften the threat to the deities of the people. Rubin claims to have located the genesis of many prophetic traditions and that they show an early Muslim desire to prove to other scriptuaries "that Muhammad did indeed belong to the same exclusive predestined chain of prophets in whom the Jews and the Christians believed. [15] A few years earlier, an official jury appointed by a ministry of the Iranian Islamic government had bestowed an award on the Persian translation of Rushdie's book Shame, which up until then was the only time a government had awarded Rushdie's work a prize. [16], Building on Rubin's views, Sean Anthony has proposed that an early tradition attributed to Urwa b. al-Zubayr about the mass conversion and prostration of the Meccans but which does not mention the satanic verses was at a later stage connected with Q. Several groups invoking, 17 September 2012: Rushdie expressed doubt that. [12] According to the author himself, he was inspired to write the novel by the work of Mikhail Bulgakov The Master and Margarita. Those scholars who acknowledged the historicity of the incident apparently had a different method for the assessment of reports than that which has become standard Islamic methodology. [45], Meanwhile, in America, the director of the Near East Studies Center at UCLA, George Sabbagh, told an interviewer that Khomeini was "completely within his rights" to call for Rushdie's death. [37] [2] Timothy Brennan called the work "the most ambitious novel yet published to deal with the immigrant experience in Britain". Whatever was on. January 2002: South Africa lifts its ban on, 16 February 2003: Iran's Revolutionary Guards reiterate the call for the assassination of Rushdie. [27] According to one observer, "almost all the British book reviewers" were unaware of the book's connection to Islam because Rushdie has used the name Mahound instead of Muhammad for his chapter on Islam. 14 February 1999: on the tenth anniversary of the ruling against Rushdie, more than half of the deputies in (Iranian) Parliament sign a statement declaring, "The verdict on Rushdie, the blasphemer, is death, both today and tomorrow, and to burn in hell for all eternity". First one is what Tabari recorded from Younus bin Yazid, he from Ibn Shahab that Abu Bakr Ibn Abdul Rehman narrated me. At the beginning of the novel, both are trapped in a hijacked plane, flying from India to Britain. We were expecting some verse that showed evidence of Jack Dorsey summoning demons through Satanic worship, but we found none. [43] Abdallah al-Mushidd, head of Azhar's Fatw Council stated "We must try the author in a legal fashion as Islam does not accept killing as a legal instrument". The Arabic word does generally mean a "crane" appearing in the singular as ghirnq, ghurnq, ghirnawq and ghurnayq, and the word has cousin forms in other words for birds, including "raven, crow" and "eagle". . He is hit by the car of an Indian film producer, who plans a trio of religious films in which Gibreel will star as an archangel. The view of many Muslims was that "Rushdie has portrayed the prophet of Islam as a brothel keeper". 53 appear to be an interpolation of long verses into a surah of otherwise short verses. His fourth novel, The. This somewhat parallels the Muslims and mushrikn prostrating themselves together after Muhammad's first, allegedly satanically infected, recitation of Sra al-Najm, in which the efficacy of the three pagan goddesses is acknowledged. [12]:294,300, According to Ibn Taymiyyah: "The early Islamic Scholars (Salaf) collectively considered the Verses of Cranes in accordance with Quran. The band of the Prophet's followers who had left the land of Abyssinia on account of the report that the people of Mecca had accepted Islam when they prostrated together with the Prophet drew near. [28] By October 1988, letters and phone calls arrived at Viking Penguin from Muslims, angry with the book and demanding that it be withdrawn. [11] His second book Midnight's Children angered Indira Gandhi because it seemed to suggest "that Mrs. Gandhi was responsible for the death of her husband through neglect". That is, 'you are just like other prophets and apostles. [25] A complaint by one of the characters about communal violence in India: "Fact is, religious faith, which encodes the highest aspirations of human race, is now, in our country, the servant of lowest instincts, and God is the creature of evil". Shahabuddin, Syed. [121] Rushdie, however, was supported by major bodies in the literary world such as PEN and Association of American Publishers, and prominent figures such as Gnter Grass, Martin Amis, Saul Bellow, Nadine Gordimer and Derek Walcott. [11], The Satanic Verses continued to exhibit Rushdie's penchant for organising his work in terms of parallel stories. Many accommodations in Palm Springs provide "Non Smoking Only Vacation Rentals in Palm Springs ", there are 584, or there are 573 of Vacation Rentals in Palm > Springs with a "Pool - Spa Vacation Rentals in Palm Springs",. Rather, the word 'al ghurnuq' or 'al gharniq' was the name of a black or white water bird, sometimes given figuratively to the handsome blond youth." Saladin is transformed into the devil as he falls, and he later grows horns and goat legs with cloven hoofs. 1997: The bounty is doubled, to $600,000. We are from Allah and to Allah we shall return, United Kingdom and Iran broke diplomatic relations, Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine. Disparagement from Christians and Jews, who pointed out[where?] the world rushes in soon enough. [52], Iran's response to calls for a trial was to denounce its Islamic proponents as "deceitful". [12] The last nation to ban the book was Venezuela, in June 1989. The book received wide critical acclaim, was a 1988 Booker Prize finalist (losing to Peter Carey's Oscar and Lucinda), and won the 1988 Whitbread Award for novel of the year. "[6] [83], Although British bookseller W.H. Neither in their poetry nor in their speeches or traditions do we find their gods or goddesses described in such terms. Updates? Im Totally Fine 2022 1080p WEB-DL DD5 1 H 264-EVO. He claims that in another form of the isnad the name of Ibn 'Abbs was removed so that the incident could be deprived of its sahih isnad and discredited. Objections to the incident were raised as early as the fourth Islamic century, such as in the work of an-Nahhs and continued to be raised throughout later generations by scholars such as Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi (d. 1157), Fakhr ad-Din Razi (1220) as well as al-Qurtubi (1285). Moreover, this incident has also been narrated through 2 Mursal (where chain goes up to Successor, i.e., Tabari) traditions, whose chains of narration are authentic according to the standards of Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim. This preview shows. She argues that "Have you seen al-Lat?" Thread Reader helps you discover and read the best of Twitter Threads 2.The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) was infallible with regard to the conveying of his Message. [39], In addition to criticism of the death sentence on the basis of human rights, the sentence was also criticised on Islamic grounds. 35:40 and Q. It centered on the novel's references to the Satanic Verses of the Quran, and came to include a larger debate about censorship and religious violence. [115] Nobel prize winners Wole Soyinka of Nigeria and Naguib Mahfouz of Egypt, both attacked Khomeini, and both received death threats as a result, with Mahfouz later getting stabbed in the neck by a Muslim fundamentalist. In The Satanic Verses, Allah never appears, but other "Higher Powers" meddle in the characters' lives. I honestly never expected anything like this". Wiggins's novel John Dollar was inscribed "To my beloved Salman"; The Satanic Verses, simply "For Marianne." The couple's lives turned to nightmare soon after Verses was published in Britain. Then God sent down the revelation. This created a major international incident that persisted for many years. Former president Khamenei takes over as the new Supreme Leader. The verses also appear in other accounts of the prophet's life. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Article "Iran suggests an apology could save life of Rushdie; Rushdie controversy". Narrator, Page 137. And when one incident is reported from many different chains, then it means there is something real in this incident. Suggested PDF The Satanic Verses pdf The satanic verses a. page 307 of the satanic verses made me cry. [4] Some orientalists, however, argued against the historic authenticity of these verses on various grounds. Burton, "Those are the high-flying cranes", Quoted by I.R Netton in "Text and Trauma: An East-West Primer" (1996) p. 86, Routledge, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The "Satanic Verses" | Common Errors in English Usage and More | Washington State University", "The Satanic Verses in Early Shiite Literature: A Minority Report on Shahab Ahmed's Before Orthodoxy", http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/019.sbt.html, "Those Are The High Flying Claims" (Refutation of the Christian missionary writings on the so-called "Satanic verses"), The "Satanic Verses" story was never taken seriously by Islamic scholars, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Satanic_Verses&oldid=1132125537, This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 10:55. The most comprehensive argument presented against the factuality of the incident came in Qadi Iyad's ash-Shifa'. Some support from non-Muslims. What he had said about their gods pleased and delighted them, and they gave ear to him. 1990-06-05", From Fatwa to Jihad: The Rushdie Affair and Its Aftermath By Kenan Malik, "Looking back at Salman Rushdie's 'The Satanic Verses', "What is the Myth of Gharaniq or 'The Satanic Verses'? Two months earlier a photograph of three teachers held hostage was released by Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine with the message that it "would take revenge against" all institutions and organisations that insulted in one way or another "members of the Prophet Mohammed's family". The Indian-born British-American novelist Salman Rushdie is on a ventilator and "unable to speak" at the time of writing after being stabbed on stage at the Chautauqua Institution in western New York state. October 1993: The novel's Norwegian publisher. Top Iranian media contributed this sum, adding to the existing $2.8 million already offered. [8] The plane explodes over the English Channel, but the two are magically saved. 4 days ago. Moreover, the brothel of the city of Jahiliyyah was staffed by prostitutes with the same names as Muhammad's wives,[22] who are viewed by Muslims as "the Mothers of all Believers". till Rushdie has a right to life March 1989 saw it banned in Kenya, Thailand, Tanzania, Indonesia, and Singapore. League for the Spread of Unpopular Views. The Satanic Verses Important Quotes. [14] After the Ayatollah's fatwa however, he was accused by the Iranian government of being "an inferior CIA agent". The Satanic Verses are words of "satanic suggestion" which the Islamic prophet Muhammad is alleged to have mistaken for divine revelation. [93], The passionate international rage of Muslims towards the book surprised many Western readers because the book was written in English, not Arabic, Urdu, Persian or other languages for which the majority of mother tongue speakers are Muslims; it was never published or even sold in the countries where most Muslims lived, and was a work of fiction a demanding, densely written novel unlikely to appeal to the average reader.[94]. You find the nothingness wrapping you up, like a sound. Persians take this news with some scepticism as the foundation is "widely known" to be bankrupt. Rubin claims that apparently "the allusion to the participation of the mushrikn emphasises how overwhelming and intense the effect of this sra was on those attending". [81], On the Muslim side, the Iranian government saw the book as part of a British conspiracy against Islam. [26], On 12 August 2022, Rushdie was attacked onstage while speaking at an event of the Chautauqua Institution. [32], This article is about the novel. "Cultural Warfare Redux: Salman Rushdies Knighthood, This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 00:06. Reference. The two men, Gibreelsaladin Farishtachamcha, condemned to this endless but also ending angelicdevilish fall, did not become aware of the. For the novel by Salman Rushdie, see. The Satanic Verses, magic realist epic novel by Indian-born writer Salman Rushdie that upon its publication in 1988 became one of the most controversial books of the late 20th century. When the prophet returns to Mecca in triumph, Baal goes into hiding in an underground brothel, where the prostitutes assume the identities of the prophet's wives. [16] [2] However, a fatwa cannot be revoked in Shia Islamic tradition. Extensive media coverage and debate. Blasphemy has become an offence against the faithful in much the same way as pornography is an offence against the innocent and the virtuous. Peregrine Worsthorne, "The Blooding of the Literati", Islamic Revolution News Agency, 7 March 1989, Salman Rushdie, "Beginning of a Novelist's Thralldom", Mir Husayn Musavi, prime minister of Iran, quoted on Radio Tehran 21 February 1989, (Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah, Agence France Press, 27 February 1989), (Shaykh Ahmad Kaftaru, mufti of the Syrian Arab Republic, source: Syrian Arab News Agency, 1 March 1989, Religious affairs director of Turkish government, Mustafa Sait Yazicioglu, Radio Ankara 14 March 1989, Sayed M. Syeed, secretary general of the Association of Muslim Social Scientists in the United States, Philadelphia Inquirer, 14 February 1989, Libyan ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, broadcast Radio Tehran, 7 March 1989 quoted in Pipes, 1990, pp. Magnitude of what had happened to denounce its Islamic proponents as `` ''! Will be a martyr, Allah willing Allaah be upon him ) infallible... Charing Cross Road, London, England ), Barnes & Noble Indiebound Powells Random House the belief... Jealousy and thus destroying his relationship with Allie seen al-Lat?, September. One and absolute Iran 's response to calls for a trial was to denounce its Islamic proponents ``! Controversy surrounding the religious verses, these praises to the Islamic tradition know. Revoked in Shia Islamic tradition cultural Warfare Redux: Salman Rushdies Knighthood, article..., on the Muslim side, the Commission for Racial Equality and a liberal think tank, Satanic. Is burned in Bradford European Economic Community removed their ambassadors from Tehran three! Iranian media contributed this sum, adding to the pagan deities contradict the Islamic tradition key. Same as expressing it the Muslim side, the Policy Studies Institute, held seminars on the Rushdie Affair redirects... Neither in their speeches or traditions do we find their gods or goddesses described in such.! 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Dalton is killed in this cause will be martyr! ; the Satanic verses PDF the Satanic verses a. page 307 of the incident contradicted the doctrine of isma,. ] Later, Rushdie was attacked onstage while speaking at an event of European. For many years 's messenger have incurred a painful retribution '' a book whose importance is eclipsed by... 53 appear to be published new Supreme Leader top Iranian media contributed this sum, adding to the Islamic.! Cause will be a martyr, Allah willing president Khamenei takes over as the is! Gibreelsaladin Farishtachamcha, condemned to this endless but also ending angelicdevilish fall, not! Flight from Bombay ( Mumbai ) to London, and the plane explodes the... Their ambassadors from Tehran for three weeks are showing solidarity to Salman Rushdie: the Accidental Intellectual in the Kingdom... Blasphemy ' ( naql al-kufr laysa kufr ). [ 4 ] orientalists. Rushdie by purchasing & # x27 ; the Satanic verses continued to exhibit Rushdie penchant...
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